Author Guidelines

The manuscripts prepared by the authors should be presented in English and submit the end result file to the Managing Editor at the specified Email. The manuscript's source files can be in either pdf or MS word for its approval. No charges are applied for the submission of the article. Details of article processing charges can be contemplated at Article processing charges page. Authors are enforced to pay only after publication of their article.

The submission of the manuscript by the authors can be done online. Upon submission, an acknowledgement will be initiated for future citation, where author can track the article’s status. The submitted manuscript indicates an implicit understanding that the paper is not under contemplation for publication with other journals previously and is free from potential conflict of interest and personal criticism.

Authors can withdraw their manuscripts within 15 days from the date of submission. Authors are supposed to pay minimum processing charges, in case of withdrawing after the scrutiny of the article, to avoid plagiarism and fragmentation of the work, article should be presented in a brief manner and with accurate reports.

21^st Century Cardiology journal publishes original research, review articles, short communications, clinical case studies, letters to editor, perspectives, opinions, commentaries, book reviews and images articles. We provide opportunity for authors to submit their evidence-based findings and theoretical insights of high quality to our journals. Authors can refer detailed description of various article types in the table below:

Research Article	Research articles are written using a clearly defined research methodology based on empirical or secondary data collected, where conclusions are drawn from the study of the data collected. The details must be focused on original study, which adds to the body of knowledge in the field of Cardiology. Article(s) should include a vital summary or analysis of the data provided, while at the same time incorporating new and rapidly expanding fields. Must include an abstract of at least 300 words with a minimum of 4 to 8 keywords. The abstract should be divided into Objective, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. Research articles must adhere to an introductory format accompanied by a brief examination of relevant literature, methods used (to collect data), discussion and references, charts, and legends of figures.
Review	Review articles are written mainly based on secondary data that falls in line with the journal's theme. They are brief, yet critical discussions on a particular aspect of the topic in question. Reviews typically start with a brief abstract of 300 words and a few keywords to state the problem. Introduction usually takes the problem forward to the readers with the aid of necessary tables, graphs, photos and diagrams, accompanied by analytical discussion where necessary. This summarizes the subject with a conclusion. All claims or conclusions in the review articles shall be based on the required citations providing complete reference at the end of the article.
Short Communication	Short Communications are short papers that present original and significant material for rapid dissemination. For example, a Short Communication may focus on a particular aspect of a problem or a new finding that is expected to have a significant impact. Short articles include, but are not limited to: discovery or development of new materials, cutting-edge experiments and theory, novelty in simulation and modelling, elucidation of mechanisms. As Short Communications are expected to have higher than average impact on the field rather than report on incremental research, they will receive prioritized and rapid publication.
Commentaries	Commentaries are opinion articles written mainly on a particular development, recent innovation or research findings by seasoned and experienced writers that fall in line with the journal's theme. With the title and abstract, they are very brief papers that offer the essence of the subject to be discussed, with few main words. It immediately states the issues and, if necessary, offers a detailed review with the aid of diagrams, graphs and tables. With a brief conclusion, it summarizes the subject, citing the references at the end.
Case report/case study	A case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence and as such, remain one of the cornerstones of medical progress and provide many new ideas in medicine. Cases reports must be brief and follow a clear format such as Cases and Methods Section (That describe the nature of the clinical issue and the methodology adopt to address it), discussion section that analyzes the case and a Conclusion section that sums up the entire case. Doctors are encouraged to contribute interesting case reports.
Concise Communications/ Letters to the Editor	The editor's letters should be limited to comments on previous articles written with special regard to problems and causes related to them. It should be concise, detailed and brief case studies or study findings. A structure such as abstract, subheads, or acknowledgments are not necessary. It is more a reaction or the reader's opinion regarding a specific article published and should meet the editor within 6 months of the publication of the article.
Clinical images	Clinical images are visual representations of Cardiology Research and should not surpass a definition of more than 5 figures with not more than 300 words. No references and citations are usually needed here. Only three references would be allowed if needed. Do not apply separate figure legends to clinical images; the figure legend is the entire clinical image text.
Editorial	Members of the Editorial board are invited to comment on an important subject in their field, on its current research status and on future directions to encourage the advancement of this discipline. Editorial office may approach for any such works and authors must submit it within three weeks from the date of receiving invitation.
Frontier	Highly influential scientists are invited to write a Frontier article select a highly cited, cutting-edge original paper of his/her own and summarize the major findings, the problems that have been resolved and remain to be resolved, and the future research directions, in order to help readers, understand his/her important academic point of view and perspectives on the directions of research in their field.
Perspective or Opinion	Perspective or Opinion are scholarly articles expressing or highlighting authors view point on an existing topic or these can be unique ideas/insights on advancing research. These are group of high impact articles which opens new arenas of open discussion forums in scientific research.
Methodology	Demonstrate a novel experimental technique, test, or procedure. The methods mentioned could be wholly new or an improved version of one that already exists. All conceivable tests and outcomes should be demonstrated in the technique.
Rapid communications	Short papers presenting highly significant and original material.

Article Style and Format

Authors will be notified of the article acceptance or rejection. Authors are requested to revise the article as per the peer review comments and submit the revised article for further procedure. Authors are assumed to have transferred the copyright of the article to the publisher, after the acceptance of an article. The publisher will be inclined a biographical sketch and also a photograph of each author. J 21stCentury Cardiology (J21STCC) allows the author(s) to leverage the copyright without any restrictions and will procure publishing rights without further restrictions.

These papers will be featured on the journal’s website whereas an open access will also be ceded to all published articles from each issue of the journal and readers can read and download them free of charge.

Manuscript Guidelines

Any manuscript on either Conceptual development, pragmatic applications or research oriented is welcome.

Required Format

(J21STCC) does not scrutinize pre submission inquiries. All submissions should be composed in the following format.

The cover letter should not exceed more than a page that incorporates:

• It should encapsulate the importance of your paper to the scientific literature.

• Suggest relevant (J21STCC) Academic Editors to handle your manuscript.

• Your cover letter should not include requests to reduce or relinquish publication fees.

• Follow (J21STCC) Editorial Policy for more information regarding the publication fee.

Required Manuscript Format

Authors are required to submit their articles either in MS Word or PDF format

Guidelines for Manuscript

Manuscripts of any length are considered by (J21STCC). The number of words, figures, and length of the research publication are all unrestricted. The following categories should be included in the beginning of the manuscript.

The title, authors, and affiliations should all appear on the title page of the manuscript. The middle section of the text can be classed in a variety of ways, depending on the author's inclination. In most of the cases the internal section should include:

Title: The Article submitted should be with both the full title and short title. The full title should on the top of the manuscript file and the short title is required during the online submission process.

Authors and Affiliations

Names of all the authors should be listed in the following order:

First names (or initials, if used) Middle names (or initials, if used) Last names (surname, family name)

Each author should include the city, state/province (if appropriate), and nation where the department, university, or organization is located.

Abstract

The abstract should summaries the study's principal goal in less than 300 words and briefly describe the most relevant findings and their importance.

Keywords

Cardiology; Clinical Cardiology; Heart attack

Introduction

The data in the manuscript should help readers outside the discipline to grasp the research's objective and importance. Infer with a brief summary of the work's overarching goal and a comment on whether or not that goal was met.

Materials and Methods

Material and methods should be thoroughly explained. Authors may cite works that discuss protocols if materials, methods, and protocols are well established.

Results, Discussion, and Conclusions

The results can be created by separating or combining this category. There is no word restriction, but the language must be exact. It should explain the research's findings and conclusions.

Acknowledgments

People who contributed to the work should be acknowledged, along with their contributions. You must ensure that anyone named in the acknowledgments agrees to be named in the acknowledgments.

References

Only manuscripts that have been published or accepted should be included in the reference list. Manuscripts that have been submitted but have not yet been accepted for publication should not be cited. References must be listed at the end of the manuscript in the order in which they appear in the text. Citations in the text should be indicated by the reference number in brackets.

Tables & Figures

Tables should be at the end of the manuscript. A title should appear above or below each table. Tables that take up more than a page should be avoided if at all possible. Figures should have a brief title of no more than 20 words that describes the image. Images should be in high-resolution jpg or tiff format.

Open Access Policy

All articles published in the Journal of 21st Century Cardiology are fully open access, meaning they are immediately available for reading, downloading, and sharing. Articles are published under a Creative Commons license, which allows for use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium as long as the original work is properly cited. Individual works, not necessarily journals or publishers, have open access. Rather than copyright law, community standards will continue to provide the mechanism for enforcing proper attribution and responsible use of published work.

The Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing defines open access publication as follows: An Open Access Publication is one that satisfies the following two requirements:

1. The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit, and display the work publicly, as well as to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for personal use.

2. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, are deposited in at least one online repository supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving, immediately upon initial publication.

Publishing Ethics

Maintaining ethics in publication directly reflects the Journal's quality. To deal with misconduct in the publication process, the Journal of 21st Century Cardiology adheres to the guidelines provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Authorship & Author Responsibilities

The author's manuscript should not have been published elsewhere, in part or in full, before submitting it for publication. To avoid any issues, the author should maintain complete transparency throughout the submission process.

Data/Content provided in the article should not be manipulated from other sources.

Journal of 21st Century Cardiology does not encourage duplicate submissions or plagiarism because our journals screen for plagiarism before moving articles to the review process. If there is any misconduct in the article prior to publication, the journal has the right to conduct an investigation in accordance with COPE guidelines and take immediate action on the article.

If the article has already been published elsewhere, depending on the severity of the situation, it will be replaced with an erratum; in some cases, the article will be retracted, and the author's institution will be notified. Before submitting the manuscript, the author should ensure that it complies with ethical standards and declare any conflicts of interest.

Authors and reviewers are asked to keep the papers submitted confidential, as most journals use a double-blind peer-review process in which the identities of the reviewers and authors are not revealed to avoid bias. Authors should accept ethical responsibility for their manuscript's publication.

Copyright & License Agreements

The Journal of 21st Century Cardiology publishes articles under an open access model, and we adhere to the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) model.

So far, open access has been restricted to a small portion of the journal literature. Even in these limited collections, however, the Journal of Clinical & Anatomic Cardiology demonstrates that open access is economically feasible, that it gives readers extraordinary power to find and use relevant literature, and that it provides authors and their works with vast and measurable new visibility, readership, and impact. The rights to published articles are retained by the authors.

Competing Interests

The article requires authors to declare any competing financial and/or non-financial interests in relation to the work described in the interests of transparency and to assist readers in forming their judgments of potential bias. The corresponding author is responsible for submitting a statement of competing interests on behalf of all paper authors.

Competing interests are defined for the purposes of this policy as financial and non-financial interests that could directly undermine, or be perceived to undermine, the objectivity, integrity, and value of a publication through a potential influence on the judgments and actions of authors with regard to objective data presentation, analysis, and interpretation.

Financial competing interests include any of the following:

Funding

Research funding from organisations that stand to profit or lose financially as a result of this publication. The funder's specific role in the conceptualization, design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation should be disclosed.

Employment

Recent or anticipated employment with any organisation that stands to profit or lose financially as a result of this publication.

Personal financial interests

Stocks or shares in companies that may profit or lose financially as a result of publication; consulting fees or other remuneration from organisations that may profit or lose financially as a result of publication; patents or patent applications filed by the authors or their institutions whose value may be affected by publication. Disclosure of the following information is requested for patents and patent applications: patent applicant (whether author or institution), name of inventor, application number, application status, specific aspect of manuscript covered in patent application.

Non-financial competing interests

Non-financial competing interests can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, including personal or professional relationships with organisations and individuals. We would like to encourage authors and referees to disclose any unpaid roles or relationships that may have an impact on the publication process. Non-financial competing interests can include (but are not limited to):

Overlapping Publication

Authors should not submit the same paper to multiple journals at the same time, in the same or different languages. The rationale for this standard is to avoid confusion when two journals claim the right to publish a manuscript that has been submitted to multiple journals at the same time, as well as the possibility that two or more journals will unknowingly and unnecessarily perform peer review, edit the same manuscript, and publish the same article. Duplicate publication is when a paper is published that substantially overlaps with one that has already been published, but there is no obvious, visible reference to the earlier publication. Prior publishing could include information that is already in the public domain.

Confidentiality & Anonymity

Confidentiality

Maintaining the confidentiality of information collected from research participants means that only the investigator or members of the research team are able to identify individual subjects' responses; however, the researchers must make every effort to prevent anyone outside the project from linking individual subjects to their responses.

Anonymity

Anonymity of data collected from study participants indicates that the project either does not collect identifying information about individual subjects (e.g., name, address, email address, etc.) or that individual responses cannot be linked to participants' identities. Unless it is required by study regulations, a study should not collect identifying information about research participants.

Corrections & Retraction

Corrections

Honest mistakes are inevitable in science and publishing, and they need the release of a correction when they are discovered. Once an article has been published, authors should notify the journal's Production Editor of any factual inaccuracies they have discovered (or have been notified of). Corrections are done at the discretion of the journal. The correction procedure varies depending on the article's stage of publication, but a correction notice is always released as quickly as possible.

Retractions

Journal editors consider retractions when there is evidence of skewed data or findings, plagiarism, duplicate publication, or unethical research. If an article is under examination, it may be regarded an expression of concern notification. The retraction method is determined on the article's stage of publication.

Obligation to Register Clinical Trials

The goal of clinical trial registration is to prevent selective publication and reporting of research findings, to avoid unnecessary duplication of research effort, to inform patients and the general public about upcoming or ongoing trials in which they might be interested, and to provide ethics review boards considering new study approval with a view of similar work and data relevant to the research they are considering. Retrospective registration, such as at the time of submission of a manuscript, serves none of these functions. These goals apply to research with different designs, such as observational studies.

Secondary data analyses of primary (parent) clinical trials should not be recorded as distinct trials, but should instead relate to the primary study's trial registration number.

Below are three definitions of "clinical trial" that are comparable. If your study fits under any of these categories, it should be registered. Registration is required by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for "relevant clinical trials," which are defined as follows:

Controlled clinical investigations, other than Phase I investigations, of a product subject to FDA regulation are required for any drug and biologics trials.

Controlled trials including health outcomes of devices subject to FDA regulation, other than modest feasibility studies, and post-market surveillance are required for biomedical device trials. Clinical Trials Registration.

Any research study that prospectively assigns human individuals or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes, according to the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors).

A clinical trial is defined as "a prospective biomedical or behavioural research study of human volunteers that is meant to address specific questions about biomedical or behavioural therapies," according to the National Institutes of Health (drugs, treatments, devices, or new ways of using known drugs, treatments, or devices).

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is when you present someone else's work or ideas as your own, with or without their permission, by incorporating it into your work without giving them full credit. This definition encompasses all published and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, print, or electronic form. Plagiarism, redundancy of manuscripts, numerous submissions, fabrication and falsification of data are all prevented through the editorial process.

Plagiarism will be considered if writings are determined to have been plagiarised from other manuscripts (or) previously published literature (or) online sources, whether published or unpublished. Manipulation of study materials, equipment, and procedures, as well as the selective omission/deletion/suppression of contradicting data without scientific or statistical reason, are all examples of falsification.

Types of Plagiarism

Complete Plagiarism

Complete plagiarism occurs when a researcher plagiarises a manuscript or study written by someone else and submits it under his or her own name.

Source-based Plagiarism

A false citation occurs when a researcher cites a source that is erroneous or does not exist. Plagiarism can also occur when a researcher accesses a secondary source of data or information while solely citing the initial source. Finally, falsification and fabrication of data are both instances of plagiarism. Data fabrication is when data and study findings are made up, whereas data falsification is when data is changed or omitted to create a false impression.

Self Plagiarism

When an author reuses major chunks of his or her previously published work without acknowledgement, this is known as self-plagiarism or duplication. As a result, published researchers are more likely to be involved in plagiarism than university students.

Paraphrasing plagiarism

It entails repurposing someone else's writing, making slight alterations to the sentences, and passing it off as one's own. Even though the words differ, the original concept remains the same, resulting in plagiarism.

Mosaic Plagiarism

Because it interlaces someone else's phrases or material inside its own study, mosaic plagiarism may be more difficult to detect. It's also known as patchwork plagiarism, because it's dishonest and intentional.

Accidental Plagiarism

There is no excuse for plagiarism, whether intentional or unintentional, and the consequences are generally the same. Plagiarism, on the other hand, can be inadvertent if it occurs due to negligence, error, or unintentional paraphrase. Because students are more prone to plagiarise unintentionally, colleges should emphasise the need of instruction concerning this type of plagiarism.

Discussion of unpublished work

Manuscripts are sent out for review with the understanding that any unpublished data cited must be appropriately credited and permission obtained. Where licenced data is cited, authors must submit a written assurance that they are adhering to the data-licensing agreements of the original sources. Referees are encouraged to be on the lookout for appropriated unpublished data from databases or other sources, and to notify the editor if they have any concerns.

Discussion of published work

Authors must correctly describe the contribution of earlier work when discussing the published work of others. Both intellectual contributions and technological advancements must be recognised and properly cited.

Self-Archiving Policies

Authors whose work has been accepted for publication may deposit their accepted paper in their institutional or funder repository once it has been published in J21STCC, as long as the following conditions are met.

After peer review, but before copyediting and typesetting, the author's accepted manuscript is the version of the manuscript accepted for publication. Any changes made after the moment of editorial acceptance should not be included in the accepted manuscript of the self-archived author. Any necessary changes or edits to article material should be made to the publisher platform's version of record. On acceptance, authors may make a closed deposit if the embargo periods are met. Please contact us at editorinchief@21stcenturycardiology.com. for more information.

Preparation Guidelines

• Authors are required to attach an electronic cover letter that thoroughly mentions the type of manuscript (e.g. Research Paper, Review Papers, Brief Studies, Case Study, etc.)

• Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they have not been published or are not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

• Clearly mention financial support or rewards, if any, from commercial sources for the work referred to in the text, or from any other financial interest which may arise from any of the authors, that may give rise to a possible conflict of interest or a conflict of interest arising from the work.

• The tile page must have a specific title of the article along with complete author/s details (professional/institutional affiliation, educational qualifications and contact information).

• The title, telephone number, fax number and e-mail address of the corresponding author should be included on the first page of the manuscript and the authors must address any conflict of interest with others once the article has been written.

• Include all references, tables, and figures with legends.

• Published papers become the sole property of 21^st Century Cardiology and will be copyrighted by the journal.

Informed consent statement

Any research article documenting a study involving humans (clinical research and case report) should include a statement on the title page clearly specifying that prior to the inclusion of the study, all concerned persons (subjects or legally approved representatives) gave their informed consent (written or verbal, as appropriate). In the unusual situation in which the identifying information of a research participant is vital to the presentation of the event, the declaration of informed consent is completely important unless the participant has died. In addition, in PDF format, the 21 Century Cardiology should be issued with a copy of any approval document(s)/letter(s) or waiver.

In such unusual and unique circumstances, such as a trial with demonstrated minimal risk or emergency treatment situations, the waiver of informed consent for human research subjects may be justifiable. Authors can request a waiver of informed consent from the 21 st Century Cardiology, but there is no guarantee that the request will be granted. In general, if informed consent has not been obtained, 21 st Century Cardiology favors the requirement of informed consent for all (anonymized or identifiable) information reports and reserves the right to deny publication of such information.

Note: In order to comply with the ethics of publishing and to enhance the protection of the privacy rights of all patients, authors should provide an informed consent form in which the name, address, birthday, address, ward, bed number, hospital number, and other private information of the patient is obfuscated.

Sample wording: Prior to study enrolment, all study participants, or their legal guardian, offered informed written consent.

Agreement on Confidentiality

For the content of all manuscripts under their review and for any relevant communications with 21st Century Cardiology and/or the journal editorial team, all peer reviewers must keep strict and perpetual confidentiality. Reviewers shall not share any part of the manuscript with any third party or discuss its content with any other person or with the writers of the manuscript. Before the manuscript has been formally written, reviewers cannot plagiarize or quote any of the contents of a manuscript. If a conflict of interest occurs, including interests relevant to the writers of the manuscript, professional interests, or academic or economic interests, reviewers will refuse involvement in the peer review process for any manuscript. If, during the peer review process, a conflict of interest becomes clear, the reviewer must immediately notify the Editorial Office.

Four key points to be answered by the general observations

· The uniqueness of the study and its groundbreaking nature.

· The relevance of the study and the importance of the results of the research.

· The dimensions of research related to ethics.

· Consistency of presentation and readability of a manuscript.

Points to be discussed by the relevant comments for different parts of article

Title: Do the main and short titles accurately represent the study's main subject and content?

Abstract

· Are research histories, goals, materials and methods, findings (including important data) and conclusions clearly delineated in the abstract?

· Does the abstract contain creative and significant points relating to the context, goals, materials and methods, findings (including relevant data) and conclusions?

Materials and methods

· Are the materials and methods sufficiently defined for the findings and conclusions mentioned in the previous sections? E.g.: Is the sample size defined? Is the form and design of the research (e.g. multicenter case-control study) defined? Are all subsets of samples comprehensive (i.e. samples with unique characteristics, such as those from different cells or tissues or patients with different conditions)?

· Are the techniques innovatively advanced and/or applied?

· Are explanations of updated or novel methods used in the analysis that allows other investigators to replicate or validate the study sufficiently detailed?

· Is the nature of the analysis and the use of checks reasonable and reliable?

· Are the methodological methods employed suitable?

Results

· Do the results provide enough evidence or data from studies to draw firm scientific conclusions?

· Are the sample size and statistical data appropriate for a clinical study, especially graphical data reflecting the results?

Discussion

· Is the chapter structured well?

· Does the literature adequately support the conclusions drawn? Are reasoned explanations given, if not?

References

Are the references suitable, valid and current?

Tables and Figures

· Do the main findings of the analysis illustrate the tables and/or figures?

· Are the tables and/or figures built in the most succinct and consistent way to present the full quantity of information?

Classification of the manuscript

The manuscript must be graded by reviewers according to the following alphabetical rating system:

A: Excellent;

B: Very good;

C: Good;

D: Fair;

E: Poor;

Unsure: whether a particular grade cannot be determined by the reviewer.

Language evaluation

The standard of the written language/grammatical presentation of the manuscript must also be assessed by the reviewer, using the following alphabetical grading scale:

A: Publishing priority, without any language polishing required;

B: needs minimal language polishing;

C: A lot of linguistic polishing required;

D: Rejection.

The standard must meet grades A or B for acceptance when reviewing a revised manuscript and a C or D equates to rejection.

Reasons for an article rejection

For the rejection of a manuscript for publication, the following explanations are sufficient, alone or in combination:

(1) Scientific material does not conform to the goals and scope of the journal;

(2) Data is insufficient to support satisfactory explanations or conclusions;

(3) Previously, similar works have been published and only a few new points have been added;

(4) The article includes accumulated previously published knowledge with just a few technological improvements;

(5) The article is projected to only reach a very small portion of the readership audience of the journal;

(6) Without incorporating any new useful material, the article was previously rejected and resubmitted.

Peer reviewers' acknowledgment

The comments of peer reviewers are important to the overall content of a journal as well as the individual research papers published inside it.

Peer reviewers can access reviews (including ranks and records) of their personal data and verify or update their names/affiliations.

Publication Ethics

There have been several new problems for publishers due to the main characteristics of the open access publishing model, namely free access to articles and author payment. Since our 21st Century Journal of Cardiology publishing philosophy is to discover and disseminate salient and timely information, we only approve manuscripts that comply with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) ethical guidelines and that pass strict single-blind peer review.

We do not encourage the authors to nominate reviewers for their papers in order to prevent the academic misconduct of authors and instead pick reviewers with experience in the subject field from our database of editorial board members and highly influential scientists. It is our duty and obligation as a publisher of open access journals to: (1) obey the publishers' code of conduct; (2) publish articles in a more systematic, open and transparent manner; (3) reveal critical information on publishing; (4) develop and introduce a fair system of publication spending and pricing, as well as a robust system of academic quality control and an effective system of management to prevent plagiarism and abuse of citations; and (5) to proclaim and prove our commitment and devotion to monitoring the efficiency of editing and publishing.

Editorial Policies

The Basic Roles and Responsibilities of an Editorial Board Member

Taking up the Journal Enhancement instructions provided by the editor in chief. Handling of the assessment manuscripts which should provide, according to the reviewer's comments, the final judgment on the manuscript.

Suggesting that the Journal's prospective reviewers carry out the review process and even forward the manuscripts to future reviewers. Questions related to publishing, ethical questions and wrongdoing posed during publication should be handled by the author and answered accordingly. As the review process is impartial, the confidentiality of the work received by any author is retained.

Implementation of new proposals in editorial meeting analyses of policies discussed. Spotlight on the method of quality review to keep the standard consistent. Keeping track of the results and timeliness of reviewers. Identification of trending issues on the Journal spectrum and a special issue release should be suggested. Timely monitoring of the results of the Journal and capable of taking fresh decisions for change.

Publishing Ethics

The content of the journal explicitly represents the protection of ethics in print. In order to deal with wrongdoing in the publishing process, the 21 st Century Cardiology follows the guidelines given by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Author Responsibilities

The manuscript to be submitted for the publication by the author should not been published anywhere else partially or fully. Author should maintain the complete transparency while submission to avoid any issues related. Data/Content provided in the article should not be manipulated from other sources.

The duplicate submissions and plagiarism will not be encouraged by the 21 st Century Cardiology as our journal screen the plagiarism before moving the article to the review phase. If there is any wrongdoing in the article prior to publication, the journal is entitled to perform an investigation in compliance with COPE rules and may take immediate action on the article.

If the article has already been published elsewhere, it will be replaced by erratum, depending on the seriousness of the situation, in some situations removal of the article will occur and the author's institution will be told of the same. The author is advised to apply prior to submission to comply with ethical guidelines and may also report conflicts of interest. Authors and reviewers are asked to protect the confidentiality of the submitted articles, since most journals adopt a double-blinded peer-review process in which the identity of the reviewers and authors will not be published to prevent bias. Ethical liability should be kept by authors for the publication of their manuscript.

Agreements on Copyright & License

The 21 st Century Cardiology publishes open access model papers and we follow the model of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI).

Open access, has so far been limited to small portions of the journal literature. Even in these small collections, however, the 21 st Century Cardiology demonstrates that open access is economically feasible, giving readers unprecedented power to end.

Competing Interests

The article requires authors to declare any conflicting financial and/or non-financial interests in relation to the work mentioned, in the interest of fairness and to help readers shape their assessments of possible bias. On behalf of all the authors of the document, the referring author is responsible for making a declaration of conflicting interests.

For the purposes of this policy, competing interests are identified as financial and non-financial interests which, by having a potential impact on the decisions and actions of authors with regard to the objective presentation, analysis and interpretation of data, may directly undermine or be perceived to undermine the objectivity, integrity and value of a publication.

Financial competing interests

Funding

Research support from organizations that through this publication can benefit or lose financially. The conceptualization, design, data collection, review, decision to print, or preparation of the manuscript should be revealed as a special function for the funder.

Employment

Recent or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through this publication.

Personal financial interests

Stocks or shares of companies capable of gaining or losing financially through publishing; fees for consulting or other remuneration of organizations capable of gaining or losing financially; applications for patents or patents filed by authors or their organizations, the value of which may be influenced by publication.

Non-financial competing interests

Competing non-financial interests can take various forms, including personal or professional relationships with organizations and individuals. We will urge writers and referees to declare any unpaid jobs or relationships that might have an impact on the process of publication.

Publication Overlapping

Authors should not send the same manuscript concurrently to more than one journal, in the same or different languages. The rationale for this standard is the potential for disagreement when two journals claim the right to publish a manuscript submitted simultaneously to more than one journal and the possibility that the work of peer review, editing the same manuscript, and publishing the same article will be unknowingly and unnecessarily carried out by two or more journals. Duplicate publication is the publication of a paper which, without a direct, obvious relation to the previous publication, coincides substantially with one which has already been published. The disclosure of information in the public domain can require prior release.

Confidentiality & Anonymity

Confidentiality

Maintaining the confidentiality of information obtained from research participants ensures that the responses of individual subjects can only be identified by the investigator or individuals of the research team; however, researchers must make every effort to prevent individual subjects from communicating with their responses to someone outside the project.

Anonymity

Providing anonymity of information obtained from study participants means that either the project does not collect individual subjects' identifying information (e.g. name, address, email address, etc.), or the project is unable to associate individual responses with the identities of participants.

Corrections

Honest errors are part of research and publishing and, when they are found, require the publication of a correction. Authors should inform the Production Editor of any factual errors they have found (or were told of) in their article after they have been written. Corrections are performed at the discretion of the journal. The correction method is based on the stage of the article's publication, but a correction notice is issued as soon as possible in all circumstances.

Retractions

Retractions are considered by journal editors in cases of evidence of unreliable data or findings, plagiarism, duplicate publication, and unethical research. It may be considered an expression of concern notice if an article is under investigation. The retraction procedure depends on the publication stage of the article.

Obligation to Register Clinical Trials

The aim of the registration of clinical trials is to prevent selective publishing and selective reporting of study results, to avoid excessive duplication of research effort, to help patients and the public know what trials are planned or going to be enrolled in, and to help provide a view of similar work and data relating to ethics review boards considering approval of new studies. Retrospective registration, such as at the time of submission of the manuscript, does not serve any of these functions. These objectives often extend to research with alternative designs, such as observational studies.

Secondary data analysis of primary (parent) clinical trials should not be reported as independent clinical trials, but the primary trial registration number should be referenced instead.

The following three similar meanings of a "clinical trial" are given. If any one of these definitions is met by your research, the trial should be registered. For 'applicable clinical trials' specified as follows, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) requires registration:

For any drugs and biologics trials: regulated clinical investigations of a substance subject to FDA regulation, other than Phase I investigations.

For biomedical product trials: randomized trials of products subject to FDA regulation with health outcomes, other than limited feasibility tests, and post-market surveillance.

Clinical Trials Registering

The definition of a clinical trial by the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) includes: Any research study that prospectively assigns one or more health-related treatments to human subjects or groups of humans to determine the impact on health outcomes.

The NIH describes a clinical trial as "a prospective study of human subjects in biomedical or behavioral research to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions" (drugs, treatments, devices, or new ways of using known drugs, treatments, or devices).

Reviewer Guidelines

Peer review process is the main mechanism which drives the Journal to maintain the quality publication. Peer review is to assess the manuscript quality and worth to publish. In this, experienced reviewers are the valuable sources to conduct the review. Every manuscript solicits at least two reviewer comments for the evaluation before its publication. Most of the time potential reviewers are suggested by the handling editors. Scientific Journals concentrate on quality peer review process.

Guidelines

Taking up the assignment given by the editor with an active response. Providing the review comments within the time limit.

Maintaining impartiality in the review process and confidentiality in each piece of work received for review. If reviewer seeks any advice from their colleague to review the manuscript, he/she is advised to contact the handling editor before taking a step. Notifying the editor after completion of the review process and making recommendation to the handling editor for the final decision on the manuscript.

Providing appropriate comments to the author avoiding personal criticism as author should be capable of revising it. Should be capable of identifying the strength in the research work as well as weakness and should appreciate and respect author for intellectual independence. Introducing new reviewers to the board as to complete the process in timely basis. Should hold the ethical responsibilities instructed to the reviewer.